Conservation and Status of birds
In 2000, one in five of Australia's birds (20%) was listed as threatened (Garnett and Crowley, 2000). This gives us a very clear message that the state of Australia's environment (i.e. its ecological health), is extremely poor and in decline. Birds Australia publishes annual reports on the State of Australia's Birds, based on massive data sets.
The most significant contributing factor is the on-going clearing of native vegetation for both agricultural and urban expansion. This is being made worse as the effects of climate change become apparent.
We have shown both the federal and state conservation status for each bird on this site, with Secure meaning that the bird is not currently listed.
The full list of categories, from the Federal Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act):
- Extinct
- Extinct in the wild
- Critically endangered
- Endangered
- Vulnerable
- Conservation dependent
Status of Australia's birds
The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 is the third in a series of action plans that have been produced at the start of each decade. The book analyses the status of all the species and subspecies of Australia's birds to determine their risk of extinction.
Based on the latest research and consultation with leading ornithologists and conservation biologists around the country, the result is the most authoritative account yet of the status of Australia's birds.
The research was supported by an Australian Research Council linkage grant to Charles Darwin and Queensland Universities. BirdLife International, the Australian Wildlife Conservancy and Biosis also provided support.
Findings
This Action Plan lists 27 taxa as Extinct, 20 as Critically Endangered, 60 as Endangered, 68 as Vulnerable and 63 as Near Threatened as at 31 December, 2010. Of bird taxa known to have been present or to have occurred regularly in Australia when Europeans settled in 1788, 2.2% are Extinct and a further 11.8% are threatened.
Some Good News
Since the 2000 Action Plan was released, the conservation status of seven taxa will be downlisted as a result of effective conservation management:
1. Gouldian Finch (numbers have increased so much in the last decade that they can be moved from Endangered to Near Threatened. They have benefited at some sites from better fire management and conservative stocking rates)
2. The Southern Cassowary;
3. Tasmanian Wedge-tailed Eagle; and
4. Albert’s Lyrebird; have all benefited greatly from habitat protection
5. Abbott’s Booby and
6. The Christmas Island Hawk-Owl shifted from Critically Endangered to Vulnerable as a result action to control invasive ants.
7. The Southern subspecies of Western Corella (has increased so much as a result of effective law enforcement and habitat protection that it has been shifted from Endangered to Least Concern)
Mostly Bad News
Since 2000, 39 taxa have been uplisted to a more threatened category because they are faring worse than they were a decade ago. This includes four taxa that are now Critically Endangered:
1. Grey-headed Albatross
2. Western Ground Parrot
3. Regent Honeyeater
4. Norfolk Island Tasman Parakeet
Causes
Most of the additions to the list in 2010 are migratory waders, numbers of which have plummeted, largely due to reclamation or degradation of habitat along their migratory pathways in East Asia.
Most threatened or extinct taxa continue to be on islands. Introduced predators and habitat destruction have taken a heavy toll. At sea, despite progress in developing and implementing mitigation techniques, all albatross taxa and several petrels continue to be threatened by high rates of mortality associated with fishing.
On the mainland, land clearance and habitat fragmentation will continue to cause species declines for decades as biodiversity pays its extinction debt. Grazing by domestic and feral herbivores, and changes in fire management are also major threatening processes.
What can we do?
There are a number of things that can be done to reduce these losses in urban areas:
- Large areas of land should be left intact when planning new urban areas.
- Parks and open spaces should be planned for birds and other wildlife as well as people.
- Wildlife corridors should be included in urban planning; for both new developments and old. Gardens can form a part of wildlife corridors.
- Individual gardens should be planted and managed for birds and other wildlife.
Whose responsibility is it?
We all have a responsibility to ensure biodiversity is maintained. All levels of government have responsibilities to legislate for this purpose. In New South Wales, Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are responsible for ensuring the maintenance and expansion of local biodiversity and must report back to the State Government regularly. But they can't achieve this without the help of their communities - which means all of us.
We need to become actively involved by:
- Making the maintenance of a healthy natural environment one of our agenda priorities when we vote for all levels of government.
- Working with our Local Government authorities, demanding and supporting their initiatives towards sustainability and the maintenance of biodiversity.
- Becoming active in our communities; talking to our neighbours about the need to take control of and improve our environments, encouraging participation.
- Planning, planting and maintaining our gardens for birds and other wildlife.
- Addressing climate change by changing our daily habits.
- Becoming a member of Birds Australia.
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